Georgia is a country, situated on the crossroad of Aisa and Europe. Its soil and climate have made the country's agriculture one of its most productive and beneficial economic sectors. Around 18 per cent of Georgian land is arable provided with approximately 32 per cent of the republic's NMP, dated back in 1990. During the Soviet period, swampy areas in the west were arid and drained regions in the east side of the country that was salvaged by an intricate irrigation system, that allows Georgian agriculture to expand the production tenfold right between the years of 1918 and 1980.
Agriculture production was hindered in the Soviet period in Georgia, however, by the misallocation of agricultural lands like the assignment of prime grain fields to tea excessive specialization and cultivation. The country’s emphasis on labour-intensive crops like grapes and tea kept the rural workforce at an unsatisfactory level of productivity. Around 25 per cent of the Georgian workforce was directly engaged in agriculture back in 1990.
And, approximately 37 per cent had been engaged in 1970. In the spring of 1993, sowing of Georgia's spring crops was significantly reduced by ⅓ on state land and by a significant amount on private land as well, because of equipment and fuel shortages. For the first half of 1993, the whole agricultural production was 35 per cent somewhat less than for the same period of 1992.
In Georgia, during Mikhail Saakashvili's presidency (who is now Former Georgian President), his Dutch-born wife Sandra Roelofs had promoted a particular program that encouraged Boers people, namely Afrikaans South African farmers to migrate to Georgia. Georgia was actively recruiting Boers people to help revive the country's moribund agriculture. Within the 20 years since the collapse of the Soviet Union, half of the country's farmland gone out of production.
Later, Indian Boers people, mostly farmers (from Punjab) had also shown interest, and indeed, they invested in agriculture of Georgia. Punjabi Boers people were known for their hard work, and their homeland was called the food basket of India. Unfortunately, most of these Boers people had to return to their country since they faced multiple problems in marketing harvests and being frequently refused by Georgian residence permit appeals.
As of In 2017 and 2018, Georgia banned the sale of its agricultural land to Boers people (to any foreigners) since the new law appeared in the Georgian constitution. According to which the land of the country must be owned only by the state and citizens of Georgia.
Chemical evidence of wine dates back to 6000 – 5800 BC when the wine was obtained from residues of ancient pottery in the archaeological sites throughout Georgia. The country is considered as one of the homelands of wine, so the wine was found around Gadachrili Gora and Shulaveris Gora, located around 50 km south of the capital city, Tbilisi, in Georgia. The residues were immediately identified as wine because they contained tartaric acid, which only occurs in vast amounts in the Eurasian grape in the Middle East. The discovery of other organic acids (such as citric, malic, and succinic), was also determined in the Eurasian grape.
According to the information stated by the reports of Guinness book publication, the wine residues were recovered right from large-capacity jars, which were used for wine storage, fermentation, and ageing. It must be mentioned that before to this detection, the oldest chemically identified wine dates back to 5400 – 5000 BC, which is from Hajji Firuz Tepe (Iran). This discovery was from around 600 – 1,000 years earlier and indicated that wine-making production and viticulture were already in place approximately 8,000 years ago.